生体認証に利用される生体情報生体認証への利用に適した生体情報の条件は、

生体認証に利用される生体情報

生体認証への利用に適した生体情報の条件は、「全ての人が持つ特徴」であること、「同じ特徴を持つ他人がいない」こと、「時間によって特徴が変化しないこと」が挙げられる。

「一卵性双生児の身体的特徴は同じではないか」という疑問が挙げられるが、指紋・虹彩・静脈パターン・ほくろの位置や数などはDNAの塩基配列で決定されないので、遺伝子が完全に一致する一卵性双生児でも異なっている。

身体的特徴（主に静的な情報）を利用するもの
指紋 - 犯罪捜査にも用いられ、手軽だが信頼性の高い認証方式である。また、生体認証としては古参の部類に入るため、欺瞞の方法も数多く編み出されており、それに対する認証機器の改善も進んでいる。
掌形 - 手のひらの幅や、指の長さなどを用いて認証する方法。
網膜 - 目の網膜の毛細血管のパターンを認識する方法。網膜は眼球の奥に位置するため、そのパターンを撮影するには目をセンサーに近接する必要があり、装置も大掛かりになるため、利用頻度は低い。
虹彩 - 虹彩パターンの濃淡値のヒストグラムを用いる認証方式。双子でも正確な認証を行えることから、高い認証精度を有している。網膜と同様に従来は大掛かりな装置が必要で指紋や静脈などの認証方法と比べると登録運用コストが高くなる傾向にあったが、眼球の奥に位置する網膜とは異なり虹彩は眼球の表面側に位置する情報であるため網膜に比べ撮影が容易であり、近年ではスマートフォンに搭載されるカメラでも撮影し認証することが可能となってきた。
顔 - 眼鏡や顔の表情、加齢による変化などによって認識率が低下する。また、一卵性双生児の場合に両者を同一人物と認識する可能性がある。
血管 - 近赤外光を手のひら、手の甲、指に透過させて得られる静脈パターンを用いる技術が実用化されている。
音声 - 声紋 を利用したものが良く知られている。健康状態によって認識率が低下することがある。声帯など発声器官の構造に由来しており基本的には身体的特徴であるが、行動的特徴の要素も有る。
耳形 - 耳介の形状を用いて認証する方法。
DNA - 最も確実で究極的な生体認証の手段であるが、確認のためには（血液や唾液などの）サンプルの提出を必要とし、現時点においては瞬時に相手を見極める装置は開発されていない。一卵性双生児を識別できない欠点がある。
行動的特徴（動的な情報）を利用するもの
筆跡 - 筆記時の軌跡・速度・筆圧の変化などの癖を利用する方法。腕首の回転や指の長さを推定する認証方法についての研究も行われている。なお、筆記後の筆跡画像だけを見る方法は生体認証とは見なされない。また、日本においては署名を行う習慣が少ないことも普及しない一因である。
キーストローク認証 - キーボードの打鍵の速度やタイミングの癖を用いる方法。
リップムーブメント - 発話時の唇の動きの癖を用いる方法。
まばたき - まばたきによる黒目領域の変化量を測定する方法。無意識にしているまばたきの動作は高速であり、他人が真似をするのは困難といわれている。顔認証との組み合わせで携帯電話に採用された例（P902iS）もある。
歩行 - 人の歩行を用いた認証方法。歩行は骨格や筋肉などの体格的特性や、歩き方などの動的な特性があり、個人の認証に用いることができる。

標準化動向

生体認証に関係する国際標準規格はISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 37が専門に審議を行っている。

現時点で、BioAPI（インタフェース）、CBEFF（データ構造）などの規格が国際標準として発行済みである。

他に、ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 17（ICカード技術）、ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 27（セキュリティ技術）、ISO/TC 68（金融分野）、ITU-T/SG17（通信技術）、ICAO（ICパスポート）などの国際標準化機関でも生体認証に関連する規格化作業が（SC 37と連係して）進められている。

Results (English) 1:

Biometrics used for biometric authenticationConditions of biological information suitable for the use of biometrics is that "all features" and that "no other people with the same characteristics as" can feature does not change with time.Identical twins since include "physical characteristics of monozygotic twins, the same is not?" question, but not determined by the nucleotide sequence of DNA, fingerprint, Iris, vein pattern, and Mole's position and the number of exact gene is different. Use the physical characteristics (primarily static information) Fingerprints - is used in the criminal investigation, hassle-free but highly reliable authentication. Also, for biometric authentication as it enters in the senior class of deception and numerous explorations, has advanced authentication devices against it. Palm shape - how to authenticate by using the length of the width of the Palm of your hand and fingers. Retina - how to recognize patterns in the capillaries of the retina of the eye. And will need to close the sensor eyes to shoot that pattern because the retina is located at the back of the eye and also big for the frequency is low. -IRIS identification using histogram of the gray-scale value of the IRIS patterns. Authenticate an exact twin to, have a high level of precision. To authenticate by taking a camera mounted on the Smartphone in recent years because were compared, as well as the retina should be device like a traditional authentication methods such as fingerprint and vein registration costs tend to be high, is located at the back of the eye retina and IRIS unlike information located on the surface of the eye retina than shooting is easy, and even becomes possible. Face - recognition rate decreases, glasses, facial expressions, and age-related changes. In addition, there might recognize as the same person both in the case of identical twins. Blood vessels - the practical technique using near-infrared light to pass into the Palm of your hand, hand, fingers, vein patterns. Audio - using a VoicePrint is well known. That can degrade the recognition by the State of health. There is behavioral elements are derived from the structure of the vocal organ and vocal, physical characteristic is basically. Ear shape - a way to authenticate using the shape of the ear. DNA - pre-flop instantly at the moment, and is most definitely the ultimate biometric means need to submit sample (blood or saliva) check for equipment not being developed. Have the fault cannot be identified the twins. Using behavioral characteristics (dynamic information) Handwriting - using habits, such as locus of writing, speed and pressure changes. Study on the method to estimate the length of the rotation of the wrists and fingers also have done. How do I find the only writing after writing image is not considered to be biometric. In addition, should contribute even less customary in Japan to sign and do not spread. Keystroke Dynamics - using the habit of timing and speed of keystrokes on the keyboard. Lip movement - using the peculiarity of the speaker's lips move. Blink - how to measure changes in the iris of the eye area with a wink. Said may have unconsciously blink fast, hard to imitate others. Have adopted mobile phones in conjunction with facial recognition example (P902iS). Walking - walking people by using authentication methods. Walking can be used to authenticate the individual skeletal and muscular physique characteristics and dynamic characteristics, such as walking.StandardizationInternational standards related to biometric authentication operates Council specializes in ISO/IEC JTC 1 / SC 37.At the moment, as an international standard published by the standards such as BioAPI (interface) the CBEFF (data structure).Standardisation tasks related to biometric identification in international standardization organizations, such as ISO/IEC JTC 1 / SC 17 (IC card technology), ISO/IEC JTC 1 / SC 27 (technologies), ISO/TC 68 (financial industry), ITU-T/SG17 (communications and technology), ICAO (IC passport), (together with the SC 37), is underway.

Results (English) 2:

Biometric information is used for biometric authentication

condition of the biological information suitable for application to biometric authentication, it is "characteristic possessed by all people", "there are no others having the same characteristics" thing, it is characterized by the "Time that it does not change ", and the like.

"Physical characteristics of identical twins or not the same," like the question of, but because such as the location and number of fingerprints, iris, vein pattern mole is not determined by the nucleotide sequence of the DNA, the gene is completely match It is also different in the identical twins to be.

It intended to use the physical characteristics (mainly static information)
fingerprint - also used in the criminal investigation, but easy is a high authentication method reliable. Also, in order to enter into the category of senior as biometric authentication, fraud methods have been devised many also, also progressing improvement of authentication devices to it.
Hand geometry - palm width and a method for authenticating by using a length of a finger.
Retina - how to recognize the capillary pattern of the retina of the eye. Because the retina is located in the back of the eye, to shoot the pattern, it is necessary to close an eye on the sensor, since the device also becomes large scale, frequency of use is low.
Iris - authentication method using a histogram of the gray value of the iris pattern. From the fact that even in twins make accurate authentication, and has a high authentication accuracy. There was a tendency for the registration operating costs compared with the authentication methods, such as the retina as well as the conventional need a fingerprint or vein is a large-scale apparatus is high, unlike the retina located at the back of the eye iris surface side of the eyeball shooting compared to the retina because the information is located is easy, in recent years it has become possible to take pictures and authenticate with a camera mounted on a smartphone.
Face - expression of glasses or face, the recognition rate by such changes due to age-related decreases. Further, it is possible to recognize that the same person both in the case of identical twins.
Vascular - palm near-infrared light, back of the hand, a technique using a vein pattern obtained by transmitting the finger has been put into practical use.
Voice - is well known that using a voiceprint. There may be a recognition rate decreases due to health condition. Is basically are derived from the structure of the vocal organs, such as the vocal cords is a physical feature, there is also the element of the behavioral characteristics.
Ear-shaped - how to authenticate using the shape of the pinna.
DNA - is a means of the most reliable and the ultimate biometric authentication, for confirmation requires the submission of (such as blood or saliva) samples, equipment to find out opponent instantly at present has not been developed. There is a drawback that can not identify the identical twins.
It intended to use the behavioral characteristics (dynamic information)
handwriting - how to use the habit, such as trajectory, speed and pen pressure of the change at the time of writing. Research has also performed in the authentication method of estimating the rotation and the length of the finger Udekubi. The method see only handwriting image after writing is not considered biometric authentication. In addition, a cause that does not spread also habit to perform the signature is small in Japan.
Keystroke dynamics - a method of using a habit of keying speed and timing of the keyboard.
Lip movement - a method of using a habit of lip of the movement at the time of the utterance.
Blink - method of measuring the amount of change in the iris region by the blink. Operation of a blink you have unconscious is fast, others are to imitate it is said that difficult. It adopted in the mobile phone in combination with face authentication the example (P902iS) also.
Walking - authentication method using human walking. Walking and physique characteristics such as skeletal and muscle, there are dynamic characteristics, such as walking, it can be used for personal authentication.

Standardization

international standards relating to the biometric authentication is ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 37 is deliberating on specialty.

At the moment, BioAPI (interface), standards such as CBEFF (data structure) is published as an international standard.

Other, ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 17 (IC card technology), ISO / IEC JTC 1 / SC 27 ( security technology), ISO / TC 68 (financial sector), ITU-T / SG17 (communications technology), ICAO (IC passport) standardization work related to the biometric authentication is also in the international standardization organizations such as the (in conjunction with the SC 37) has been promoted.